The persecution of cats in the Middle ages

I enjoy doing some research on the subjects that are dear to me, cats being surely one 🙂 so I came across the following article on the persecution of cats in the Middle ages. Apparently though, the early Christians regarded cats highly! The hunting of cats lead to an overpopulation of mice, which in turn caused the Black Death as we all know. This is without any doubts a terrible time in history; I can’t even imagine considering a cat less than perfect and exquisite! And yes, they do guard the house against mice or other visitors; personally I can totally appreciate this as we live on the ground floor and we have a garden.

The following article can be found on Suite 101 and is by Jill Stefko. Her source is Roni Jay, author of ‘The kingdom of the cat’, ISBN 1-55209-480-4. I hope you find the article informative! Personally, I think we are VERY luck to live in our times, reading the following.

The early Christians considered cats to be sacred. According to legend, a tabby cat in the stable, gave birth to kittens around the time Jesus was born. One night, he cried and could not be comforted by Mary or any of the animals in the stable. Finally, a kitten climbed into the manger, laid next to him and purred. This soothed the child. Mary blessed the mother cat and, ever since, tabbies have a marking shaped like an “M” on their foreheads. The M represents the Madonna.

Cats were associated with female saints. Then, they fell into ill repute. In the 1200s, people were becoming disillusioned the church and its rigidity and abuses. The church’s “powers that were” decided a scapegoat was needed. The decision was to use witches. The Pagan goddesses were the first targets along with weak women who could not retaliate. The cat was associated with the goddesses and became a target. It was decreed that cats were witches’ familiars.

Familiars are minor demons that the devil sends to help the witches in their evil work. These demons would assume the shape of an animal, usually cats, owls, toads and dogs. They would assume the role of the witch’s pet so as not to be detected. Familiars could go to places where the witch couldn’t without revealing her identity. Often, when a witch was imprisoned, her persecutors would watch to see if her familiar appeared to help her.

There were new fabricated tales about cats being demons in the guise of these animals. It was taught that the devil invented cats. Furthermore, it was added that the devil himself would appear in the guise of a cat.

In the 1100s, the Knights Templar was created to guard people making pilgrimages to the Holy Land. They were regarded as noble and brave. The Knights began to garner wealth and power. They became corrupt and abused their power and were disliked, feared and no longer trusted.

In the 1300s, the Inquisition accused the knights of heresy. All of those living in France were arrested, jailed and brought to trial for heresy. Many confessed to devil worship. The devil appeared as a black cat. The Knights confessed to sacrificing young girls and babies to him. Other groups of people confessed to the same sins.

Even owning a cat was deemed to be evidence that one was a witch. People believed that witches could shapeshift into cats and cats, into witches. In the eighteenth century, the last witchcraft trial in England was held. The woman was convicted only because she had talked to the devil in feline form.

As “witches” were being persecuted, so were their familiars, their cats, and often before the witches’ trials started.

Then the church declared an open “war” of persecution of cats, not just as familiars, but, in and of themselves. First, Pope Gregory IX decreed that cats and the devil were linked. As a result, 962 cats were burned in Metz, France.

Pope Innocent VIII, during the Renaissance, enacted a law that all cats in Christendom be killed. Cats were continually killed. King Louis XIII of France revoked the law, but this did not stop cat killings. They were also tortured and, many times, purely for amusement.

The methods of killing and torturing used on cats were as cruel, gruesome and inhuman as those used on their human counterparts accused of practicing witchcraft, as evidenced by historical documentation.

Gruesome reading! This is part of a dark far-away past, and we are very lucky to live in a Europe where superstition isn’t held as truth and doesn’t make laws 🙂

When your cat misses you

Cats are very subtle creatures: a dog may look depressed, howl, display anxiety when missing his/her owner (peeing on carpets, chewing stuff, being very fearful etc.). Cats are more difficult to read… consequently, humans tend to think that their pet has not missed them; how wrong!

While looking after cats, I have noticed a few tell-tale signs, which I’d like to share with you now. Invariably, the first couple of days are fine; Cat may look slightly amused by Pet Carer presence. Some even sit there and watch you slave around 😉 others may be more vocal and request explicitly food or cuddles, either by sitting by their bowl or purring. Invariably the absence of Mum/Dad, if tolerated, is noticed and resented after the third/fourth day. How dare you, by the way, just leave Cat like that? Per Carer may be competent and a temporary source of food/cuddles, but it’s not the same 🙂

Some cats will poo in unexpected places, or make a mess of the litter (I swear).  I once looked after a kitty who seemed to create all sort of diversions to make the point: litter, food, rolls of toilet paper everywhere.  He then sat there watching me clean up (he seemed to smile). Sometimes I find them curled up on Mum’s/Dad’s favourite sweater/clothes, or on the bed, distinctly on one spot.  Other times, they look at you and they ‘miaw’ and they seem to say:’when are they coming back?’.

Cat owners report that Cat ‘punishes’ Mum/Dad for absence displaying various behaviours such as being out of reach, peeing/pooping out of the litter and scratching furniture; or simply sulking. But, see what happens when Owner punishes cat 🙂 :

Dunbar (1988) noted that if a cat owner sees a cat performing a forbidden act such as scratching the furniture, punishment is not usually effective. If the human punishes the cat, the cat merely learns to avoid the human (so the human becomes an S-). Typically the cat will continue to perform the same forbidden act when the human is not present. If the human discovers evidence of a cat’s forbidden behavior upon coming home, and punishes the cat, the cat learns to hide when the human comes home. This does not mean the cat feels “guilt.” It means the cat has learned that the human does unpleasant things when first arriving home. The cat does not associate punishment with the forbidden behavior, which typically occurred much earlier.

Cats are often misunderstood, in my opinion. They may be more reserved and independent than dogs perhaps, but that doesn’t mean that they are not fiercely loyal to their family; I personally think that they are only a bit less obvious than other pets perhaps 🙂